Democracy Is A Type Of Government System - 1498 Words

In Greek, the word democracy means â€Å"rule by the people (Greenburg and Page, 12). Democracy is a type of government system that is derived by the people. In democracy there are two types, direct and indirect. Direct democracy is when people in groups make their own decision on politics rather than the representatives. In America, indirect democracy is usually the custom form of democracy that is place on. Indirect democracy is people who are elected officials that represent the people who voted for them. Indirect democracy is also called representative democracy. There are three components in representative democracy, which are political equality, political liberty, and popular sovereignty. Political equality is where each person would†¦show more content†¦The conflict between the Republicans and the Democrats where they choose which is better, is not the people the one deciding what government system they like better. Is that not democracy? The purpose of the creati ng the constitution was not to be overpowered by the government, like when the colonies did not like how the treatment of the British government. The first constitution and it was the Articles of Confederation. When looking at the Articles of Confederation, the state government has the most power and that limits the central government (Jones, 208). However, the Articles of Confederation did not work as they hope so. For example, to pass a law it would need to be approved by 9 of the 13 states, which makes it difficult to pass a single law (Jones, 212). Not only that, there also problems in currency, foreign affairs, and there are feuds between states that they cannot handle. There was much democracy in the first constitution, it was limiting the government of their power, which the government were utter useless during that time. After the fail of the first constitution, this led to the Constitutional Convention. During the Constitutional Convention, there were two rivals the republ icanism and the democracy. The believers of republicanism, the Founders did not believe that people could or should rule directly and think it would lead to bad outcomes. There was worry that there was

Let’s Be Lefties For a Day Free Essays

The discussion of the importance of understanding cultural, ethnic, and gender differences by managers and professionals in a business setting begins with defining the key terms. Diversity is defined as â€Å"real or perceived differences among people that affect their interactions and relationships â€Å"(Bell, 2007). According to Week 1 lecture (SOCS 350, 2013), cultural diversity is defined as: â€Å"the existence of a wide variety of cultures and subcultures represented within a community†. We will write a custom essay sample on Let’s Be Lefties For a Day or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is evident in most work settings across the world. So how do I understand the importance and differences brought to the table by all of the different individuals? In our textbook Diversity in Organizations, it talks about Taylor Cox and Stacy Blake’s research studies on understanding diversity in the workplace. Their studies and explanations have been used in many textbooks and news regarding diversity. They explain how effective management of diversity can benefit organizations in the area of cost, resource acquisition, marketing, creativity, problem solving, and system flexibility. I agree that diversity can bring so much to a workplace. A personal experience of mine occurred at the community hospital near my hometown. The hospital had a predominantly low-income, African American population that used the emergency room. I was a young Caucasian woman who quickly became charge nurse for the night shift. During busy times, which occurs quite often in emergency rooms, I would be yelled at and even called racist if a white person was called back to a room first. I was lucky enough to have the benefit of the mayor of the predominantly African American community work as a LPN in the emergency room with me. He was an older African American, well known throughout the community, and very well respected. I could send him out to talk to unhappy patients because they took better to him, probably due to having the same ethnic/cultural background. He then explained things again and for some reason it was most often taken better, and proved I was not being racist and these are the policies that I followed. In the workplace though, especially a hospital setting, it is extremely beneficial to have all cultural backgrounds employed. Every patient that comes in is not going to be of the same ethnic or cultural background as you and sometimes like in my example it is easier to relate to someone with the same ethnicity. It is a beneficial skill for employees to understand different cultures to communicate effectively. Cox and Blake also proposed that â€Å"an organization’s reputation for valuing all types of workers will also affect its ability to market to different types of consumers. Consumers who appreciate fair treatment for everyone will be more likely to patronize an organization known to value diversity and to treat all workers fairly†. I truly believe that is accurate, and is shown to be proven accurate at my hospital. In our example in class using the ball and sock experiment, I learned how diverse America is. People do things a little bit different, and that is what makes us a culturally diverse country. Just because you do something right-handed and I do it left-handed does not mean I am doing it wrong. I am left-handed, and yes I have become ambidextrous also because of the predominantly right-handed population. This just shows me that people are able to adapt to change, and not one certain way, color, gender, race, age is better than another. There are numerous benefits to valuing diversity, especially in a business setting. With each unique combination of gender, ethnic background, culture, and life experiences, each person brings different sets of strengths, skills, and approaches to problems. I believe all businesses can benefit from a diverse body of talent bringing fresh ideas, perspectives, and views to the workplace. How to cite Let’s Be Lefties For a Day, Papers Let’s Be Lefties for a Day Free Essays â€Å"The perception of normality is based on how closely you resemble the majority of people† (Devry College, 2013, Week One Assignment, Para. 1). I have been right handed since 2nd grade. We will write a custom essay sample on Let’s Be Lefties for a Day or any similar topic only for you Order Now This was not always the case though. When I began Kindergarten in 1985, I was predominantly left handed. I was persistently discouraged from writing with my left hand and eventually I became fluent in penmanship with my right hand. At the time, I recall being told that â€Å"Everyone should write with their right hand!† I was taught early on, that to be normal is to be like everyone else. To this day I am still right handed as far as for writing, however, I have always favored my left hand for activities such as gymnastics and driving. I remember feeling weird and looked down upon for being different and for taking longer than my classmates to learn how to write with a hand that felt foreign to me. Did it pay off? Was there an advantage to being right handed versus left? These are questions that are not as black and white as they may seem. This paper examines normalcy and what it means to be a part of the majority versus being a minority. In our society, right-handed people reflect the majority or dominant group and left-handed individuals would be considered the minority based on the percentage of right versus left-handed people. In order to understand the affects of being in a minority group, we were challenged to â€Å"Let’s be lefties for a day. † It was quickly apparent that our society and environment is catered toward right-handed people. This reflects a principle known as institutionalized discrimination where minority groups are at a disadvantage because of the normal way society operates (Devry College, 2012, Week One Lecture, para. 2). Take buttons for instance. It is much easier to button jackets, or pants, etc†¦ with one’s right hand as opposed to one’s left. The reason for this is simply that the vast majority of mechanisms for buttoning, or zippering, are adapted for ease of right-handed individuals. Another example is door knobs. Most door knobs are manufactured with right-handed ergonomics in mind. Opening doors with my left hand involved twisting my wrist in a manner that is both awkward and uncomfortable. Further exploration found that items such as golf clubs, scissors, kitchen utensils, and keyboards, are available for left-handed individuals; however, they come at a price. Not only were they more expensive per unit than â€Å"standard† items that are readily available; but they also required internet access as they are primarily found online, and included shipping fees in addition to the already hefty price tag. It was evident that in this instance, being in the minority or less dominant group incurs inconvenience and monetary penalty. â€Å"Through these major institutions, the dominant group will shape the society in ways that reflect its interests, values, and beliefs and minimize those of less dominant groups. The result is discrimination† (Devry College, 2013, Week One Lecture, Para. 2). Having spent the majority of my life right-handed, I hadn’t given much thought to what it means to be left-handed. It is easy to not have to consider what life is like for those in the less dominant groups when things as simple as the ease of opening a door, or a can, or sharpening a pencil, and/or buttoning ones pants do not require a second thought. Devry College, 2013, Week One Lecture states that â€Å"[u]nlike the dominant group, most minority groups recognize and understand cultural differences. Unfortunately, they also feel the need to be wary and defensive at all times† (Para. 8). This is very similar to how I felt almost 30 years ago when I took my first penmanship class in Kindergarten and was instructed to become a rightie versus a leftie. The Devry College, 2013, Week One Lecture continues â€Å"[t]he end result is that subordinate groups always know and understand more about the dominant group than the dominant group does about the subordinate group† (Para. 8). It is important to recognize that we all have differences, be it cultural, ethnic, gender, or something as seemingly simple as being right or left-handed. These differences are what creates diversity and adds richness and color to our world and â€Å"†¦is a major component in the social glue holding a culture together. What we want to do is simply recognize that we do have prejudices arising from our ethnocentric view of the world† (Devry College, 2013, Week One Lecture, Para. 10). There is an old familiar saying that you never know a man till you have walked a mile in his shoes. This is so true and it can be easy to forget that beyond our obvious differences, we are all human. How does all of this relate to the business setting? M. Bell, 2012 states that â€Å"[i]n inclusive organizational cultures, employees feel as though they are accepted, belong, and are able to contribute to decision-making processes† (M.  Bell, 2012, p. 5). Imagine all of the important discoveries, policies, and practices that would not exist if we had not recognized the contributions of minority members of our society! That said, there is still a long way to go. Individuals need to be recognized and considered for their qualifications when seeking employment or promotion, not discriminated due to their gender, ethnicity, or cultural differences. In conclusion, the leftie experiment was a real eye-opener! I never realized how difficult seemingly simple things can be for some, and how much I take for granted The world is a different place for minorities and we need to level the playing field through acceptance and understanding. Ethnocentricity is not always a bad thing. It is the tie that binds us; but when used to discriminate, it serves only to tear us apart. How do we move forward? Devry College, 2013, Week One Lecture declares that honesty and â€Å"explaining all options and services available† are key to braking down the barriers between majority and minority groups created by distrust (para. 11). How to cite Let’s Be Lefties for a Day, Papers

Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde. Answer: Background Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde has just been established, andmarketing is important for its profitability and success. The watch provides an ample and classy environment. Reintroduced as the three-hand-with-date Toric Chronometer at SIHH 2017, the eponymous watch case was designed and planned by Michel Parmigiani. Presently it is additionally the substance of the Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde, a travel watch fueled by a keenly built development. The cal. PF 317 is outfitted with a module that demonstrates a moment time-zone at 12 o'clock, which can be set to the moment, an eminent component that separates it is from most other double time zone watches that must be set in one-hour steps. Setting the second time zone is finished with the crown at two o'clock, while the crown at three modifies both time zones at the same time and in a state of harmony. Both time zones have their particular day and night pointers, while the date is shown by a retrograde hand. Eminently, the second time zone module was created by Agenhor; the regarded Geneva-based entanglements master drove by Jean-Marc Wiederrecht. Agenor's fingerprints are obvious on the dial-side of the module, with the various scaffolds, complex rigging train, also skeletonized metal parts created by the UV-LIGA statement method. The module sits over Parmigiani's in-house PF 331 programmed with a 50-hour control hold. Accessible just in rose gold, for the time being, the situation is 42.8 mm in breadth; the largish size is because of the measurement of the second time zone module. The dial is ivory with a grained complete, coordinate with the lance molded hands that are a Parmigiani top choice. Market Summary Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde has relevant data concerning the marketplace; therefore, it is well aware of the collective characteristics of the loyal and prized clients. The luxury watch leverages this data to understand well their exact requirements, as well as improving communication withtheir potential and existing customers. The luxury watch is an exclusive timepiece which is well thought-out to try to enable new acquaintances. Target customer range from simple to sophisticated as many customers need and love the classy timepiece. SWOT Analysis The subsequent SWOT Analysis highlights the major weaknesses and strengths in the watch maker then mentions the threats plus opportunities fronting the Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde (Fillis, 2010). Strengths Strong relationships with third-party vendors Highly trained and customer oriented staff Weaknesses Weak brand equity, few people know about it The brand name is hard to pronounce Talking points and skills changing and becoming uninteresting Unavailability of funds to promote and boost the brand Opportunities A lot of target group still do not know of Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde. Boost in sales openings as folks familiarize themselves concerning the benefits of the luxury watch Being able to lessen adjustable overheads (variable costs) by means of good organization of the market Threats Counterfeit watches in the market Competition from other sources, such as Rolex A decline of the overall economy decreases optional expenditure on luxury items Competitor Analysis Appealing to clients who value the Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde and who may possibly make repeated purchases as a gift is the main objective. Other keys to success for the luxury watch are excellent customer service as well as maintaining customer friendly prices (Hsu, 2011). The friendly prices are fair compared to other brands of luxury watches. However, Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde being an upcoming operation still needs to advertise and built a strong foundation for it to prosper and attract customers. Themarketing stratagem established on conveying its worth through set platforms. This could be completed using several techniques. The initial technique is through billboards, social media like Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram and public dailies. The luxury watch's customers can be broken down into groups of upper-middle-class and lower middle-class. Professionals, who are mostly in both categories of the middle class characterizes those that are and appreciates intellectually stimulating brand that symbolizes success. This group usually has an income of over $50,000 to $100,000 a year. It goes to a large extent to show that they like a timepiece to match their taste. This category of people is mostly aged 25-45 years. Mission Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrogrades mission is to publicize the luxury watch as much as possible. We plan to do this on a global scale, particularly through popular social media. Social media has been deemed to be effective for marketers/advertisers in this day and age of Generation Y or millennials. Marketing and Financial Objectives The following are the marketing and financial objectives achievable within the first six months following the official launch of the Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde. Encourage and develop the brand image through brand promotion, on all target platforms Increase sales and decrease the expenses A double-digit growth rate for each coming year Reduce the variable costs through efficiency Add profit within a short period Marketing Mix Strategy Positioning the luxury watch as the best watch for people to get intellectually challenged is also one of the objectives. The marketing plan seeks to first create customer awareness regarding the brand, develop the customer base, and then put an effort to establishing referrals and customer loyalty. The message the luxury watch will seek to tell potential customers is that Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde is the timepiece to have that will offer them great conversation starters and eventually an interesting time with their peers. According to Anna Telin (2016), the marketing strategy will be done through several avenues; Product Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde is first in the business in presenting numerous leaps forward. The watch architect was the primary organization to present water-resistant timepieces. Moreover, it is first to present wristwatches where the time and date on the dial change consequently, first to present wristwatches that indicate two time zones together and the principal organization that earned chronometer confirmation. Their products are known for its precision, and the watch development is exceptionally exact. Price Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres takes into account a specialty section, and it sets a top notch price for its products. Essentially, the prices of the products depend on the model and the cost of the materials utilized. The advertising blend (marketing mix) valuing technique of the luxury watch depends on quality, rivalry, and type. Furthermore, work cost is high as exceptionally talented specialists are required to make these timepieces. Place The luxury watch keeps up an elevated state of precision as far as its component through its in-house producing plants. Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde enables its retailers to offer at least two watches in a year as it puts stock in keeping up its top-notch esteem. It targets upscale territories and the products are accessible in chosen and premium showrooms with a specific end goal to save its image esteem. Promotion The promotional system in the showcasing blend methodology is exhaustive and utilizes all media. The logo of is very basic and contains the 42-millimeter red gold case portrayed by a knurled bezel, the marked highlight of the Toric brand. The key capacities emerge against the grained white dial for phenomenal legibility. The spear molded hands of the principal time zone, plated in 4N gold, are covered with Super-Lumi Nova to make them iridescent and more unmistakable. In the interim, the hands of the second time zone are rhodium-plated to display a more tactful shade. It delineates its product as an image of flourishing, achievement and sumptuous brand. It additionally adds to the economic well-being of the client. Market Study Throughout the early stages concerning the improvement of the marketing strategy, numerous focus groups will be carried out to understand a selection of prospective clients (Ansgar Diana, 2011). The group gave beneficial understanding regarding the choice mechanisms of prospective clients. A supplementary foundation of activemarketplace studyis a response structure founded on distributed questionnaires, where the shop owners give out the questionnaires to the target customers and are then expected to give feedback whether positive or negative. A final source of marketplace study is competitive analysis. This is to be done by often visiting competitors and studying the services they offer. Financial Projections This segment offers a financial impression of the Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde regarding the accomplishments of the marketing efforts. Moreover, the segment addresses Break-Even Analysis, expenses projections, sales projections, as well as their relevancy to the marketing plan. Analysis of the Break-Even Point As per Binod Devi (2013), the idea behind a break-even point is to calculate the point in which the revenues begin to exceed costs. It is done by separating companys variable (those that change with the quantity of output) and fixed costs (those that do not change with output quantity). It is helpful to business as it determines when it will start to turn a profit and be a useful tip to when it comes to pricing. In its day to day operations, the watchmaker needs to interact with other companies and industries to compare the break-even points as their fixed and variable costs differ greatly. The initial stages would be implemented in setting up the actual location, rent shop stuff,establishing associations and obtain a running authorization. Thenext stage will be the big opening. Business, in the beginning, will be relatively slow as customers will be getting used to the new and as the time progresses, it will then have been forecasted that sales will grow. Sales forecast of Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde. 2017 2018 2019 Sales The timepiece $150,985 $200,150 $230,285 Accessories of the timepiece $50,800 $100,315 $140,945 TOTAL SALES $201,785 $300,465 $371,230 Raw materials $30,000 $33,000 $31,000 Sales and marketing budget $10,000 $12,000 $11,000 TOTAL EXPENSES $40,000 $45,000 $42,000 Net profit $161,785 $255,465 $329,230 Projection of the Expenses Overheads of the marketing plan areplanned to be objectively stable all through the financial time. Opening expenses will also be added to create awareness. Furthermore, publicizing the brand through mainstream and social media is expected to be objectively constant in the first six months. Marketing Expense Budget 2017 2018 2019 Advertising $5000 $3000 $3000 Strategic relationships $2800 $1800 $1800 Other $3200 $2000 $2000 Total sales and marketing expenses $11000 $6800 $6800 Percentage of sales 5.45% 2.26% 1.83% Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan Execution is the key advance of the way toward showcasing administration because the operational advertising design is the reason for accomplishing the objectives of promoting. The arrangement must be adjusted to economic situations and propose a financial plan for promoting exercises., an advertising design must be reliable with the general methodology of the organization to be viable, which is the reason coordination inside the organization is basic. Usage is, actually, the one that facilitates every one of the strategies of an arrangement. Madia (2011) trusts that the usage of promoting is "the procedure that transforms advertising designs without hesitation designs and offers help for these plans to be executed to accomplish the goals of the showcasing plan." Usage of advertising designs by the promoting supervisor requires the improvement of specific activities: correspondence with subordinates to guarantee operational activity designs, giving direction and activity guides, giving operational assets, observation of people in charge of usage. The resolution of the marketing proposal serves as a guide for any company (McManus, 2011). Risks and problems that may be encountered, problems generating visibility and awareness of the luxury watch. Moreover, it guides a commercial venture in sustaining itself on a continuing concern and prevent it from liquidation. The marketing plan of the Parmigiani Toric Hemispheres Retrograde will see to that goals and objectives are met. This will then increase sales and eventually be ahead in the entire market. References Anna T. Perry, Telin S. Chung. (2016). Understand attitude-behavior gaps and benefit-behavior connections in Eco-Apparel. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 20(1), 105-119. Ansgar J. Thiessen Diana J. Ingenhoff. (2011). Safeguarding reputation through strategic, integrated and situational crisis communication management: Development of the integrative model of crisis communication. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 16(1), 8-26. Binod K. Shrestha and Devi R. Gnyawali. (2013). Insights on strategic management practices in Nepal. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 2(2), 191-210. Fillis, I. (2010). The art of the entrepreneurial marketer. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 87-107. Hsu, Y. (2011). Design innovation and marketing strategy in successful product competition. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 223-236. Liwen Tan, Jingkun Ding. (2015). The frontier and evolution of the strategic management theory: A scientometric analysis of Strategic Management Journal, 2001-2012. Nankai Business Review International, 6(1), 20-41. Madia, S. A. (2011). Best practices for using social media as a recruitment strategy. Strategic HR Review, 19-24. McManus, J. (2011). Revisiting ethics in strategic management. Corporaate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 11(2), 214-223. Paswan, A. (2012). Gender, Design and Marketing. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 456-457. Robert L. Harrison, Timothy M. Reilly. (2011). Mixed methods designs in marketing research. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 7-26. Rothaermel, F. T. (2013). Internal Analysis: Resources, Capabilities, and Activities. In F. T. Rothaermel, Strategic Management Concepts Cases. Mc-Graw Hil. Victoria Magrath, Helen McCormick. (2013). Marketing design elements of mobile fashion retail apps. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 115-134.

The History of Music free essay sample

The History of Western Music Music has been around since the dawn of time, ever since man first inhabited this planet we have learned to communicate in ways other then conventional speaking. Different Cultures all have there own specific way of communicating through music. Music Is basically broken Into two specific groups Eastern Music and Western Music. Eastern music is mainly derived from the orient and India. While, Western music first emerged from Europe. Western music has developed in many ways since the middle ages through its form, sound, and message. The Middle Ages In 500 A. D. Western civilization began to emerge from the period known as The Dark Ages, a time in which many Invading forces ruled Europe and brought an end to the Roman Empire. For the next hundred year, the newly emerging Christian Church would soon govern Europe, administering Justice, initiating the Crusades against the East, creating universities, and for the most part dictating the destiny of music, art and literature. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pope Gregory I Is believed to have collected the music known as Gregorian Chant, which was the approved music of the Church. Later, Notre Dame in Paris was accredited, with the creation of a new kind of music called organ.Which was created by much more melodic phrases then Gregorian Chant, organ was also the first type of music too utilize fourth and fifth Intervals, which would become one of the building blocks of modern musical theory. Music in the church had not changed much during this time as said by Charles Burner in A General History of Music Volume l, Music in the church, however, appears to have undergone no other change at this time than In being applied In some parts of the A type popular music began to erupt and was sung all over Europe by the troubadours and trousers of France.The troubadours and trousers played mainly lutes (a primitive guitar) and sung songs, which everyday people could appreciate and identify with. And It was during the middle Ages that western cultu re saw the arrival of the first great name In music, Gallinule De Macho. De Macho polyphonic style did not catch with many during the middle ages, but would later influence a flood of composers during the Renaissance. The Renaissance The Renaissance began in the year 1420 and ended in the year 1600. The Renaissance meaning rebirth was a time of great cultural awakening and a pinnacle time for the arts.Sacred music began for the first time to break free of the confines of the Church, and a number of composers trained in the Netherlands mastered polyphonic music. One of the early masters of this Flemish style was Joaquin des Perez. De Preps use of multiple melody lines gave way too the idea of orchestral music which has been a staple in the world of music for hundreds of years. These polyphonic traditions reached a zenith through the works of Giovanni dad Palestinian, who perfected this type of orchestral scoring. Secular music thrived during this period, and instrumental and dance music was performed at many social gatherings. 1 OFF ballad, the best known of which were composed by such masters as John Tolland, William Byrd, and Thomas Morley. The Baroque Age Named after the architectural style of the time, the Baroque period saw composers beginning to rebel against the styles that were prevalent during the Renaissance. Many monarchs employed composers at their courts, to compete with other countries. The greatest composer of the period, Johann Sebastian Bach, was an employed composer.Bach and other of the great composers of the time were able to break new musical ground, and in so doing succeeded in creating an entirely new style of music. During the early part of the seventeenth century the genre of opera was first created by a group of composers in Florence, Italy, the earliest of these operatic masterpieces were composed by Claudio Monteverdi. The instrumental concerto became a customary part of the Baroque era, and found its strongest advocate in the works of the Venetian composer Antonio Vivaldi. Harpsichord music achieved new heights, due to the intricate works of such asDomenici Scarlatti. Dances became formalized into instrumental suites and were composed by many composers of the era. Yet, vocal and choral music still reigned supreme during this age, and culminated in the operas of German-born composer George Frederic Handel. Who according too Alfred Einstein in A Short History of Music was the set up man for musical genius Ludwig Van Beethoven, Handels achievement is the preparation for what Beethoven afterwards did with the symphony; and it is on this eminence that these two masters, so utterly unlike, meet conquerors. (69) The Classical PeriodFrom 1750 to 1820,musicians moved away from the heavily ornamented styles of the Baroque age instead embraced a clean, and uncluttered style they reminiscent of Classical Gr eece. The new aristocracies were replacing monarchs and the church as patrons of music, and were demanding an impersonal, but tuneful and elegant music. Dances such as the minuet and the gavotte were fashioned in the forms of entertaining serenades and divertimento. At this time the Austrian capital of Vienna became the musical center of Europe, and works of the period are often referred to as being in the Viennese style.Composers from all over Europe came to train in and around Vienna, and gradually they developed and formalized the standard musical forms that are prevalent today. European musical culture for the next several decades would spawn from this small area of Austria. Johann Stamina contributed greatly to the growth of the orchestra and developed the idea of the symphony. The Classical period reached its pinnacle with the masterful symphonies, sonatas, and string quartets by three great composers of the Viennese school: Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven.Franz Joseph Haydn was accredited with perfecting the sonata in Charles Burners A General History of Music II in which he states, While the first movement of the sonata developed its perfected form in Hayden hands During the same period, the first voice of the Romantic Era rhea Romantic Era Composers of the Romantic Era broke new musical ground by adding a emotional depth to the prevailing classical forms. Throughout the nineteenth-century artists of all kinds became intent in expressing their emotions. The romantic artists were the first in history to give a name to their respective generation.The earliest Romantic composers were all born within a short time span in the early years of the nineteenth century. These include the great German masters Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, FRRdrich Chopin, Hector Burlier, and the greatest pianist showman in history, the Hungarian composer Franz List. During the early nineteenth century, opera composers such as Carl Maria von Weber turned to German folk stories for the stories of their operas, later in the century; German opera was virtually monopolized by Richard Wagner.During the nineteenth century, composers from non-Germanic entries began looking for ways in which they might express the musical sound of their respective homelands. Many of these composers turned to local history and legends as plots for their operas, and popular folk melod ies and dance rhythms of their homelands as inspiration for their symphonies and instrumental music. The evolution of existing instruments, plus the invention of new ones, led to the expansion of the symphony orchestra.Taking advantage of these new sounds and new instrumental combinations, the late Romantic composers of the nineteenth- century created rich and large symphonies, ballets, and concertos. Two of these late romantic composers were Johannes Brahms and Peter Illicit Tchaikovsky. rhea Twentieth-Century At the start of the twentieth-century many artists were searching for exciting and different modes of expression. Composers such as Arnold Schoenberg explored unusual and unorthodox harmonies and tonal schemes.As said by Mark Preponderates in The Ambient Century, At first there may seem to be no connection between Schoenberg and Ambient and electronic music. Schoenberg was responsible for taking German Romanticism and reeking it in two. By abandoning eye signatures and eventually caused a revolution which echoed down through the twentieth century (00). Hungarian composer Bla Bart ¶k continued in the traditions of the romantic era and fused the music of Hungarian peasants with twentieth century forms. Avian-garden composers such as Edgar Averse explored the manipulation of rhythms rather than the usual melodic/harmonic schemes.The symphony, became somewhat modified by this time, and attracted such great composers as Gustavo Mailer and Dimmit Stochastic, while Igor Stravinsky gave his full attention to Avian-garden and instrumental colors throughout his career. Many imposers throughout the twentieth-century experimented in new ways with traditional instruments, however many of the twentieth-centurys greatest composers, such as Giaconda Puccini and pianist/composer Sergei Rachmaninoff, remained true to the traditional forms of music history. The twentieth Century also produced many new genres of popular music such a s, country, blues, Jazz, and rock and roll.

Invention of the Crossbow in Asian History

Invention of the Crossbow in Asian History Energy may be likened to the bending of a crossbow; decision, to the releasing of the trigger. - Sun Tzu, The Art of War, c. 5th century BCE. The invention of the crossbow revolutionized warfare, and the technology would spread from Asia through the Middle East and into Europe by the medieval period. In a sense, the crossbow democratized warfare - an archer did not need as much strength or skill to deliver a deadly bolt from a crossbow as he or she would have with a traditional compound bow and an arrow. Who Invented the Crossbow? The first crossbows were likely invented either in one of the states of early China  or in neighboring areas of Central Asia, some time before 400 BCE. Its not clear exactly when the invention of this new, powerful weapon took place, or who first thought of it. Linguistic evidence points to a Central Asian origin, with the technology then spreading to China, but records from such an early period are too scanty to determine the origins of the crossbow beyond a doubt. Certainly, the famed military strategist Sun Tzu knew about crossbows. He attributed them to an inventor named Qin from the 7th century BCE. However, the dates of Sun Tzus life  and the first publication of his Art of War  are also subject to controversy, so they cannot be used to establish the early existence of the crossbow beyond a doubt. Chinese archaeologists Yang Hong and Zhu Fenghan believe that the crossbow may have been invented as early as 2000 BCE, based on artifacts in bone, stone, and shell that may be crossbow triggers. The first known hand-held crossbows with bronze triggers were found in a grave in Qufu, China, dating from c. 600 BCE. That burial was from the State of Lu, in what is now Shandong Province, during Chinas Spring and Autumn Period (771-476 BCE). Archaeological Evidence Additional archaeological evidence shows that crossbow technology was widespread in China during the late Spring and Autumn Period. For example, a mid-5th century BCE grave from the State of Chu (Hubei Province) yielded bronze crossbow bolts, and a tomb burial in Saobatang, Hunan Province from the mid-4th century BCE also contained a bronze crossbow. Some of the Terracotta Warriors buried along with Qin Shi Huangdi (260-210 BCE) carry crossbows. The first known repeating crossbow was discovered in another 4th century BCE tomb in Qinjiazui, Hubei Province. Importance in History Repeating crossbows, called zhuge nu in Chinese, could shoot multiple bolts before needing to be reloaded. Traditional sources attributed this invention to a Three Kingdoms period tactician named Zhuge Liang (181-234 CE), but the discovery of the Qinjiazui repeating crossbow from 500 years before Zhuges lifetime proves that he was not the original inventor. It seems likely that he improved significantly on the design, however. Later crossbows could fire as many as 10 bolts in 15 seconds before being reloaded. Standard crossbows were well-established across China by the second century CE. Many contemporary historians cited the repeating crossbow as a key element in Han Chinas Pyrrhic victory over the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu and many other nomadic peoples of the Central Asian steppes used ordinary compound bows with great skill  but could be defeated by legions of crossbow-wielding infantry, particularly in sieges and set-piece battles. Koreas King Sejong (1418-1450) of the Joseon Dynasty introduced the repeating crossbow to his army after seeing the weapon in action during a visit to China. Chinese troops continued to use the weapon through the late Qing Dynasty era, including the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95. Unfortunately, crossbows were no match for modern Japanese weaponry, and Qing China lost that war. It was the last major world conflict to feature crossbows. Sources Landrus, Matthew. Leonardos Giant Crossbow, New York: Springer, 2010.Lorge, Peter A. Chinese Martial Arts: From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press, 2011.Selby, Stephen. Chinese Archery, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2000.Sun Tzu. The Art of War, Mundus Publishing, 2000.

Business System Analysis and Design Notes

Skills by System Analyst:Working knowledge of information technology(The analyst must be aware of both existing and emerging information technologies),Computer programming, experience and expertise,General business knowledge,General problem-solving skills,Good interpersonal communication skills,Good interpersonal relations skills,Flexibility and adaptability,Character and ethics. Info sys architecture:provides a foundation for organizing various components of any info sys you care to develop. a unifying framework into which various stakeholders with different perspectives can organize and view the fundamental building blocks of information systems. Views of knowledge System owners view: Interested not in raw data but in information. (Business entities and business rules) System users’view: View data as something recorded on forms,stored in file cabinets,recorded in books and spreadsheets,or stored on computer. Focus on business issues as they pertain to data. Data requirement System designers’ view: Data structures,database schemas,fields,indexes,and constraints of particular database management system (DBMS). System builders’ view: SQL,DBMS or other data technologies Views of process System owners’view:Concerned with high-level processes called business functions. A cross-functional information system System users’view:Concerned with work that must be performed to provide the appropriate responses to business events. Business processes,Process requirements,Policy,Procedure, Work flow System designers’view:Concerned with which processes to automate and how to automate them. Software specifications System builders’view:Concerned with programming logic that implements automated processes. Application program,Prototyping Views of communication System owners’ view: Who? Where? What? System users’ view: Concerned with the information system’s inputs and outputs. System designers’ view: Concerned with the technical design of both the user and the system-to-system communication interfaces. System builders’ view: Concerned with the construction, installation, testing and implementation of user and system-to-system interface solutions *Basic principles of system development: Get the system users involved. Use a problem-solving approach. Establish phases and activities. Document through development. Establish standards. Manage the process and projects. Justify systems as capital investments. Don’t be afraid to cancel or revise scope. Divide and conquer. Design systems for growth and change. The need to improve: Performance Info Eco/controlcosts Control/Security Efficiency Service Phases for system development: scope definition, problem analysis, requirements analysis, logical design, decision analysis, physical designand integration, construction and testing, installation and delivery. Cross life-cycle activity: Fact-finding, Documentation and presentation Documentation, Presentation, Repository), Feasibility analysis, Process and project management Routes through the basic systems development phases: model driven development strategies (process, data, object modeling), Rapid application development (RAD), commercial application package implementation, system maintenance *Benefits of use case modeling: Provides tool for capturing functional requirements. Assists in decomposing system into man ageable pieces. Provides means of communicating with users/stakeholders concerning system functionality in language they understand. Provides means of identifying, assigning, tracking, controlling, and management system development activities. Provides aid in estimating project scope, effort, and schedule. The relationships that can appear on a use-case model diagram: Use case association relationship, extension use case, abstract use case, depends on, inheritance Use case – a behaviorally related sequence of steps (scenario), both automated and manual, for the purpose of completing a single business task. Steps for preparing a use-case model: Identify business actors. Identify business use cases. Construct use-case model diagram. Documents business requirements use-case narratives *Data modeling(database modeling)–a technique for organizing and documenting a system’s data. Data Modeling Concepts:Entity(class of persons, places, objects, events, or concepts about which we need to capture and store data),Attribute(descriptive property or characteristic of an entity. Synonyms include element, property and field), Data type(property of an attribute that identifies what type of data can be stored in that attribute),Domain(a property of an attribute that defines what values an attribute can legitimately take on),Default value(the value that will be recorded if a value is not specified by the user),Key(an attribute, or a group of attributes, that assumes a unique value for each entity instance. It is sometimes called an identifier),Subsetting criteria(an attribute whose finite values divide all entity instances into useful subsets. Sometimes called an inversion entry),Relationship(a natural business association that exists between one or more entities),Cardinality(the minimum and maximum number of occurrences of one entity that may be related to a single occurrence of the other entity),Degree(the number of entities that participate in the relationship),Recursive relationship(a relationship that exists between instances of the same entity),Foreign key(a primary key of an entity that is used in another entity to identify instances of a relationship),Parent entity(a data entity that contributes one or more attributes to another entity, called the child. In a one-to-many relationship the parent is the entity on the â€Å"one† side),Child entity(a data entity that derives one or more attributes from another entity, called the parent. In a one-to-many relationship the child is the entity on the â€Å"many† side),Nonidentifying relationship(relationship where each participating entity has its own independent primary key), Identifying relationship – relationship in which the parent entity’ key is also part of the primary key of the child entity,Generalization(a concept wherein the attributes that are common to several types of an entity are grouped into their own entity),Nonspecific relationship(relationship where many instances of an entity are associated with many instances of another entity. Also called many-to-many relationship) ,Sample CASE Tool Notations Entity relationship diagram (ERD):a data model utilizing several notations to depict data in terms of the entities and relationships described by that data. Logical Model Development Stages:1Context Data model(Includes only entities and relationships;To establish project scope). 2Key-based data model(Eliminate nonspecific relationships;Add associative entities;Include primary and alternate keys;Precise cardinalities). Fully attributed data model(All remaining attributes;Subsetting criteria). 4Normalized data model Normalize a logical data model to remove impurities that can make a database unstable, inflexible, and nonscalable. First normal form (1NF):entity whose attributes have no more than one value for a single instance of that entity,Any attributes that can have multiple values actually describe a separate entity, possibly an entity and relationship. Second normal form (2NF):entity whose nonprimary-key attributes are dependent on the full primary key,Any nonkey attributes dependent on only part of the primary key should be moved to entity where that partial key is the full key,May require creating a new entity and relationship on the model. Third normal form (3NF):entity whose nonprimary-key attributes are not dependent on any other non-primary key attributes. *Model:pictorial representation of reality. Logical model:nontechnical pictorial representation that depicts what a system is or does. Physical model:technical pictorial representation that depicts what a system is or does and how the system is implemented Process modeling:a technique used to organize and document a system’s processes. (Flow of data through processes,Logic,Policies,Procedures) Data flow diagram (DFD):a process model used to depict the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by the system. Synonyms are bubble chart, transformation graph, and process model. The DFD has also become a popular tool for business process redesign. Processes on DFDs can operate in parallel (at-the-same-time). DFDs show the flow of data through a system. Processes on a DFD can have dramatically different timing (daily, weekly, on demand) Context data flow diagram:a process model used to document the scope for a system. Also called the environmental model. Think of the system as a â€Å"black box. â€Å"2Ask users what business transactions the system must respond to. These are inputs, and the sources are external agents. 3Ask users what responses must be produced by the system. These are outputs, and the destinations are external agents. 4Identify any external data stores, if any. 5Draw a context diagram. Decomposition diagram:a tool used to depict the decomposition of a system. Also called hierarchy chart. Business System Analysis and Design Notes Skills by System Analyst:Working knowledge of information technology(The analyst must be aware of both existing and emerging information technologies),Computer programming, experience and expertise,General business knowledge,General problem-solving skills,Good interpersonal communication skills,Good interpersonal relations skills,Flexibility and adaptability,Character and ethics. Info sys architecture:provides a foundation for organizing various components of any info sys you care to develop. a unifying framework into which various stakeholders with different perspectives can organize and view the fundamental building blocks of information systems. Views of knowledge System owners view: Interested not in raw data but in information. (Business entities and business rules) System users’view: View data as something recorded on forms,stored in file cabinets,recorded in books and spreadsheets,or stored on computer. Focus on business issues as they pertain to data. Data requirement System designers’ view: Data structures,database schemas,fields,indexes,and constraints of particular database management system (DBMS). System builders’ view: SQL,DBMS or other data technologies Views of process System owners’view:Concerned with high-level processes called business functions. A cross-functional information system System users’view:Concerned with work that must be performed to provide the appropriate responses to business events. Business processes,Process requirements,Policy,Procedure, Work flow System designers’view:Concerned with which processes to automate and how to automate them. Software specifications System builders’view:Concerned with programming logic that implements automated processes. Application program,Prototyping Views of communication System owners’ view: Who? Where? What? System users’ view: Concerned with the information system’s inputs and outputs. System designers’ view: Concerned with the technical design of both the user and the system-to-system communication interfaces. System builders’ view: Concerned with the construction, installation, testing and implementation of user and system-to-system interface solutions *Basic principles of system development: Get the system users involved. Use a problem-solving approach. Establish phases and activities. Document through development. Establish standards. Manage the process and projects. Justify systems as capital investments. Don’t be afraid to cancel or revise scope. Divide and conquer. Design systems for growth and change. The need to improve: Performance Info Eco/controlcosts Control/Security Efficiency Service Phases for system development: scope definition, problem analysis, requirements analysis, logical design, decision analysis, physical designand integration, construction and testing, installation and delivery. Cross life-cycle activity: Fact-finding, Documentation and presentation Documentation, Presentation, Repository), Feasibility analysis, Process and project management Routes through the basic systems development phases: model driven development strategies (process, data, object modeling), Rapid application development (RAD), commercial application package implementation, system maintenance *Benefits of use case modeling: Provides tool for capturing functional requirements. Assists in decomposing system into man ageable pieces. Provides means of communicating with users/stakeholders concerning system functionality in language they understand. Provides means of identifying, assigning, tracking, controlling, and management system development activities. Provides aid in estimating project scope, effort, and schedule. The relationships that can appear on a use-case model diagram: Use case association relationship, extension use case, abstract use case, depends on, inheritance Use case – a behaviorally related sequence of steps (scenario), both automated and manual, for the purpose of completing a single business task. Steps for preparing a use-case model: Identify business actors. Identify business use cases. Construct use-case model diagram. Documents business requirements use-case narratives *Data modeling(database modeling)–a technique for organizing and documenting a system’s data. Data Modeling Concepts:Entity(class of persons, places, objects, events, or concepts about which we need to capture and store data),Attribute(descriptive property or characteristic of an entity. Synonyms include element, property and field), Data type(property of an attribute that identifies what type of data can be stored in that attribute),Domain(a property of an attribute that defines what values an attribute can legitimately take on),Default value(the value that will be recorded if a value is not specified by the user),Key(an attribute, or a group of attributes, that assumes a unique value for each entity instance. It is sometimes called an identifier),Subsetting criteria(an attribute whose finite values divide all entity instances into useful subsets. Sometimes called an inversion entry),Relationship(a natural business association that exists between one or more entities),Cardinality(the minimum and maximum number of occurrences of one entity that may be related to a single occurrence of the other entity),Degree(the number of entities that participate in the relationship),Recursive relationship(a relationship that exists between instances of the same entity),Foreign key(a primary key of an entity that is used in another entity to identify instances of a relationship),Parent entity(a data entity that contributes one or more attributes to another entity, called the child. In a one-to-many relationship the parent is the entity on the â€Å"one† side),Child entity(a data entity that derives one or more attributes from another entity, called the parent. In a one-to-many relationship the child is the entity on the â€Å"many† side),Nonidentifying relationship(relationship where each participating entity has its own independent primary key), Identifying relationship – relationship in which the parent entity’ key is also part of the primary key of the child entity,Generalization(a concept wherein the attributes that are common to several types of an entity are grouped into their own entity),Nonspecific relationship(relationship where many instances of an entity are associated with many instances of another entity. Also called many-to-many relationship) ,Sample CASE Tool Notations Entity relationship diagram (ERD):a data model utilizing several notations to depict data in terms of the entities and relationships described by that data. Logical Model Development Stages:1Context Data model(Includes only entities and relationships;To establish project scope). 2Key-based data model(Eliminate nonspecific relationships;Add associative entities;Include primary and alternate keys;Precise cardinalities). Fully attributed data model(All remaining attributes;Subsetting criteria). 4Normalized data model Normalize a logical data model to remove impurities that can make a database unstable, inflexible, and nonscalable. First normal form (1NF):entity whose attributes have no more than one value for a single instance of that entity,Any attributes that can have multiple values actually describe a separate entity, possibly an entity and relationship. Second normal form (2NF):entity whose nonprimary-key attributes are dependent on the full primary key,Any nonkey attributes dependent on only part of the primary key should be moved to entity where that partial key is the full key,May require creating a new entity and relationship on the model. Third normal form (3NF):entity whose nonprimary-key attributes are not dependent on any other non-primary key attributes. *Model:pictorial representation of reality. Logical model:nontechnical pictorial representation that depicts what a system is or does. Physical model:technical pictorial representation that depicts what a system is or does and how the system is implemented Process modeling:a technique used to organize and document a system’s processes. (Flow of data through processes,Logic,Policies,Procedures) Data flow diagram (DFD):a process model used to depict the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by the system. Synonyms are bubble chart, transformation graph, and process model. The DFD has also become a popular tool for business process redesign. Processes on DFDs can operate in parallel (at-the-same-time). DFDs show the flow of data through a system. Processes on a DFD can have dramatically different timing (daily, weekly, on demand) Context data flow diagram:a process model used to document the scope for a system. Also called the environmental model. Think of the system as a â€Å"black box. â€Å"2Ask users what business transactions the system must respond to. These are inputs, and the sources are external agents. 3Ask users what responses must be produced by the system. These are outputs, and the destinations are external agents. 4Identify any external data stores, if any. 5Draw a context diagram. Decomposition diagram:a tool used to depict the decomposition of a system. Also called hierarchy chart.

Images of the Art and Science of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Images of the Art and Science of Nursing - Essay Example 1). Nursing as a science involves the scientific and theoretical explanation of certain phenomena. It observes, identifies, describes, and experiments on issues affecting the delivery of health. On the other hand, nursing as an art is the humanistic and creative application of the result of science. Basavanthappa (2004) identified that the art of clinical nursing is directed into four main goals: (1) understanding the patient’s condition, situation, or need, (2) enhancement of patient’s capability, (3) improvement of patient’s condition following a medical plan, and (4) prevention of remission and exacerbations which may cause anxiety, disability, or stress (p. 1). Contemporary nursing has evolved to a learned discipline and profession that combines the science and art of caring. Nursing combines scientific body of knowledge derived from primitive beliefs to high technology era and humanistic caring. Nursing focuses on the client’s response to illness, pro motes health, and assists clients to move to a higher level of wellness. Nursing also provide care and assistance during a terminal illness by providing comfort and preserving dignity during the end-phase of life (White, 2005, p. 41). The development of nursing as a science and an art is traced through its rich history, array of visual images, and influence of social factors. Image Selection To further describe the art and science of nursing, six images were selected which depicted the historical and modern concept of the art and science of nursing. Among the images chosen are of Florence Nightingale, patient settings during Crimean War, nurse-patient ratio during early times, contemporary nurse-patient interaction, operating room scenario, and health informatics in nursing. The images are described below: A. Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) pioneered the concept of modern nursing. She was also credited for uplifting the standards of nursing and developing nursi ng as a science and an art. Nightingale persistently advocated cleanliness, good nutrition, and fresh air as well as the reform in health care (White, 2005, p. 44). During this time, nurses, care for the wounded around the clock with the oil lamps along them to light their way in the darkness. Similarly, this oil lamp represents Nightingale for she was able to give light to the darkness of caring and implemented scientific and artistic caring. Through Florence Nightingale’s principles, nursing practice and environmental modifications resulted in reduced morbidity and mortality rates during the war. (White, 2005, p. 44) She also worked to gain the public’s approval in producing well-educated nurses and for the concepts that were still used today such as a systematic method of assessing clients, individualized care based on the client’s need and preferences, and confidentiality (White, 2005, p. 45). Nightingale is one of the most outstanding figures that truly ill ustrated the foundation of scientific and artistic nursing. (Image retrieved from http://i.acdn.us/image/A6732/67325/300_67325.jpg) B. The Crimean War The outbreak of war in the Crimea, a peninsula on the north shore of the Black Sea from 1854 to 1856 marked the historical evolution of nursing practice and the birth of scientific and artistic nursing. War casualties outrageously increase and the British government became the consistent subject of national criticism. In light

Cash Flow Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cash Flow Statement - Essay Example The secondary objective is to disclose information about the operating financing and investing activities of a company during an accounting period. The statement of cash flow gives an indication about the relationship between profitability and cash generating ability and thus the quality of profit earned. In brief, cash flow serves the following purposes: Under this method cash flow from operating activities is calculated on the basis of net profit as reported in the profit and loss account or balance sheet and is especially used when amount of sales is not given in the question. Few adjustments made under this method are as follows: For calculating operating profit before working capital changes, non cash and non operating items (such as depreciation, doubtful debts, dividend, and interest) are added back. The non operating incomes and gains are deducted from the net profit for the year. Decrease in current assets and increase in current liabilities is added back and increase in current assets and Decrease in current liabilities is deducted from the operating profit before working capital changes to arrive at cash generated from operations.

Cadbury Dairy Essay Example for Free

Cadbury Dairy Essay Cadbury Dairy milk is in the mature stage of the product life cycle, the reason being is that it is a well-established product since 1905. The maturity point is generally reached when about half the potential users have adopted the product. Since Cadbury Dairy Milk is Australia’s favourite chocolate, it is safe to say that there is already consumer trust and loyalty to the brand. However customers still need continued satisfaction and loyalty, built on lower cost, differentiation or customer service. Seeing that Cadbury chocolate is considered a common brand name in households all over Australia, there is nothing within the external environment that should be modified and it will remain in a strong steady position in the confectionery industry. Product: In order to continue generating sales, Cadbury took into consideration one of the threats that the confectionery industry is facing today. Consumers are becoming more health conscious; therefore Cadbury will support and promote physical activity by giving away mountain bikes to 100 lucky winners around Australia! The promotion will only feature in the Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate block range: including the Fruit and Nut, Hazelnut etc†¦ Featured on the wrapping will be, â€Å"WIN A MOUNTAIN BIKE† with a picture of the bike that will be won. Price: The pricing of Dairy Milk Chocolate will also maintain the same pricing strategies to remain competitive with its competitors Nestle and Mars. Place: The distribution of Cadbury Dairy Milk should be at its maximum capacity, remaining readily available in supermarkets, convenience stores, seven elevens and kiosks. Promotion: Cadbury should continue to generate promotions to remind and encourage consumers to purchase Dairy milk chocolate. In order to maintain the sales of Dairy Milk, sales promotion should be implemented to generate growth. This is done by creating advertisements on Television and in-store promotional posters to display the promotion that is running. The television and in-store promotion is to inform consumers of the promotion that is currently running. The sales promotion will be â€Å"WIN A MOUNTAIN BIKE† This promotion is for the Cadbury Dairy Milk block chocolate range. Every consumer that purchases a block range from Cadbury’s will have the opportunity to enter the competition by text via SMS a code that is given inside the wrapper. f. ) Marketing Action Plans: A key objective is to hold current customers and to maintain and increase the retail and brand market share to make sure that the Cadbury brand and products remain one of the top selling confectionery brands in Australia. Since Cadbury Dairy Milk is in the top five selling chocolates list, there will be no need for any tremendous change. A good way to promote The other Cadbury block chocolate range such as Fruit and nut and Hazelnut†¦etc will also have his competition. Price: Cadbury’s human resources department will need to find a place that will provide us with the mountain bikes. The costing of the bikes and the overall promotions will need to be considered, as Cadbury does not want to spend so much on promotions, when Cadbury Dairy Milk is not declining any time soon. Promotion: Pictures of this new competition will need to be put in magazines such as: Women’s day, News Idea, newspapers†¦. etc†¦designers will be needed to create the advertisements for this promotion. However, to promote Cadbury Dairy Milk’s new competition, television is the key to ensure that viewers all around Australia will know about the â€Å"WIN A MOUNTAIN BIKE† promotion. As television is the main and preferred type of advertising, it is certain that consumers will know about the competition faster. And in addition to that, the Cadbury chocolate commercials will still be showing, to heighten promotions. It is best to air the promotion on television between 4:00 pm – 9:00pm, since that is the time when consumers are most likely to be at home. Place: The exposure of Cadbury Dairy Milk promotion will need to be more publicized in convenience stores and kiosks in the form of a poster. g. ) Management of the marketing effort and the marketing function: In order to make sure that they marketing effort and function works accordingly a few steps have to be taken in regards to the management of the planning. The three step process that will have to be put in place will be based around †¢Marketing Implementation –The process of putting marketing strategies into action †¢Intended Strategy The strategy that the company decides on during the planning phase †¢Realized Strategy – The strategy that actually takes place Cadbury must be able to respond and adapt to its internal marketing department. Coordinating internal exchanges between the firm and its employees to achieve successful external exchanges between the firm and its customers is very important as it allows for a gauge or a measure to be received as a result of acceptance and understanding. In regards to the marketing activities it all starts within the Cadbury management team. The ability to motivate marketing personnel plays a large part in the initial process to get the promotional idea off the ground, once the team is able to have a grip of the idea that tackles the current health issue and that a bike will be awarded as a prize and health product then extreme communication within the marketing unit will be essential. Openness and responsiveness from other marketing departments will be just as important to make sure that the management and strategy travels across all channels. This will be indispensable to the organizing and coordinating of marketing activities which then lead to a schedule for implementation. The marketing control process consists of three steps; Establishment of control standards, Evaluation of actual performance relative to established standards and corrective action if necessary. A few key guidelines that will help Cadbury in controlling marketing activities: Within the Marketing Control Process †¢Establishing performance standards and trying to match actual performance to those standards Establishing Performance Standards Expected levels of performance †¢Taking Corrective Action oImprove actual performance oReduce or change the performance standards oDo both †¢Problems in Controlling Marketing Activities oLack of the information required to control activities oUncontrollable influence of market environment changes on marketing activities oTime lag that occurs between marketing campaigns and their results delays corrective actions A few problems can also occur in the controlling of marketing activities, however the ability to act on these problems will only make the campaign more successful and responsive.

The Second World War (WWII) :: World War 2 II Two

World War 2 Introduction World War 2 was one of the many wars that occurred during the 20th century. During this brutal war many countries, people, and history were changed. The factors that encourged the Germans and Japanese forces allowed them to take over other countries and kill many of people. Now, years later, from a different point of view, the Germans and Japanese accomplished nothing but just killing innocent people. The greediness behind the Germans and Japanese in the 20th century would change everybodys lives forever. How Did This War Start The Germans had a powerful army in the 1930's. They had a very powerful leader named Adolf Hitler. He was a greedy man who wanted everyone blonde hair, and blue eyes. He wanted everyone the same and to be the only leader in the world. Hitler started his conquest for land in 1938 when he annexed Austria. He followed this by threatening Czechoslovakia. When Hitler increased his demands on the Czechs, war seemed almost certain. The British and French had meetings with Hitler and Mussoluni but they could not stop them from putting demands on other country's. Soon after the meetings Hitler captured Czechoslovakia and seized a former German port. He moved on by putting demands on Poland and the Polish Corridor. In September 1939 France and Britain agreed to support Poland and they soon declared war with Germany. How Did The US Get IntoThe War First of all Japan has no natural resources in their country. So being that they replied on their oil products from the US. In July 27 1941, President Roosevelt stopped all trading with the Japanese. That meaning now that Japan has no fuel to run their military forces. Japan forces then went and attacked the East Indies and took over all of their fuel. Shell was the company that owned most of the fuel products in the East Indies. Shell's head office was in England which led European forces to be in the war against Japan and Germany. When the US stopped trading with Japan they took this as a hostile act but, Japan still tried to make peace with them. A Japan ambassador even asked for a peace discussion with the secretary of state. The meeting did not go threw with the 2 nations. Japan then attacked Atu (an island off of Alaska) in hopes to draw the American forces up North. Japan was wrong , but soon after this they planned out a sneak attack on Pearl Harbour (a military base for the Americans in Hawaii). The Americans had a small idea that the Japanese might attack them. On the Morning of December 7, 1941 a flight of planes were detected, but the people in Pearl Harbour were told that they were US fighter planes coming in

Has Child Behavior Worsened Over the Years? Essay

â€Å"Is your child forgetful, irresponsible, moody, and prone to daydreaming? (Figure 1.1) Does he seem to lack motivation and become easily bored?† (Empowering Parents) Has the problem become worse than it was a year ago? A child’s behavior is defined solely by environmental factors such as; family, cultures, and everyday experiences. As a result, studies have shown that due to these factors, children’s behavior has become worse. â€Å"A child’s behavior may be a problem if it doesn’t match the expectations of the family or if it is disruptive.† (Family Doctor.org) Parents are children’s greatest role models. â€Å"Your children will see your example – positive or negative – as a pattern for the way life is to be lived.† (Rcmp.Grc.go) â€Å"The 1960 Census reported that nine percent of children lived in single parent families, compared with the 28% reported by 2000.† (Prb.org) In 2012, according to the Cen sus Bureau about 80% of children were raised by single mothers. Therefore, many disadvantages come from a single parent household. The American Academy of Pediatrics proposes that boys in a single household become more â€Å"aggressive† trying to full the â€Å"father’s role† in the household. If the mother is absent, the young girls try to become the â€Å"caretaker† looking out for her family. (Everydaylife.GlobalPost) This leads children to raise themselves, forcing them to give up their childhood. This also could lead them into trouble because the children wouldn’t know right from wrong which is leading up to child behavioral problems. Single parents are also often financially stressed, making it hard n children. Children will be able to read through your stress and as they grow older, some would want to help. This will lead the children into desperation – causing them to steal or maybe bringing in dirty money, money they have earned illegally. Parents today are also becoming younger and younger. Kids raising kids is drastic. The cons of this are these young parents trying to be friends with their children instead of coaching them. Everything these young parents listen to or do, they will let their children do the same, thinking this act is â€Å"cute.† Many people with argue that child behavior has improved because of education, the technology is better. â€Å"Education is great. Education is by far better today than a hundred years ago! The fields of learning have been opened up to boys and girls equally to seek out far greater possibilities than were even imaginable a hundred years ago. The Education now is a better  than before. We are not beaten and now we can use internet for Education.† – Alisham2002 (Debate.org) Though technology has improved, and today’s education is better, this has nothing to do with the behavior of this generation. Technology is a downfall; kids have access to everything and are actually becoming too independent on electronics. Culture and everyday experiences such as music and video games have had a huge impact of children’s behavior. Music videos and games have become extremely explicit. I’ve known and seen children dance provocatively and cussing up a storm like the rappers does. Whereas, my mom would have never went for that! In conclusion, child behavior has worsened over the years because of single parenting in households, teen parenting, and today’s music and culture. In earlier years, there was a limit to all of these things. There could be a passcode on your TV so no child would witness th ese explicit things. Today, parenting is terrible and so is children’s behavior. Works Citied: â€Å"Dealing With An Angry, Acting-Out Child?† Parenting Articles about Arguing & Fighting. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 June 2014. . â€Å"What You Can Do to Change Your Child’s Behavior.† Health Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 June 2014. . â€Å"The Rise-and Fall?-of Single-Parent Families.† The Rise-and Fall?-of Single-Parent Families. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 June 2014. . â€Å"Family Issues for Single Parents.† Everyday Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 June 2014. .

Cults Essay

The word cult is often thrown around in todays society as a derogatory term towards religions that are not well known or have aspects that are contrary to mainstream religions. According to mainstream media, cults have been responsible for massive pact suicides, and their followers are incestual and polygamous. The mass media shows the leader as a manipulative person who controls his/her believers as they blindly follow, not knowing the trouble that will certainly find them † . cult’ has become little more than a convenient, if largely inaccurate and always pejorative, horthand for a religious group that must be presented as odd or dangerous for the purpose of an emerging news story. â€Å"(3) Douglas Cowan and David Bromley show the harsh reality of the way the majority of the media likes to portray cults, probably for better ratings. There are several main cults that are often referenced when researching the topic. The first being The People’s Temple, the found er Jim Jones had a following of 912, that all died (including him) by cyanide laced drinks in 1978. This was known as the Jonestown Massacre, controversy surrounds it as it is debated hether or not it was a mass suicide or murder. Another commonly referenced cult is Heaven’s Gate, a UFO doomsday religion that ended in a 39 member suicide in 1997 when the group was attempting to leave earth because they believed it was about to be â€Å"recycled†. To learn and understand what a cult is, I will be define a cult, what features make a cult and who the people are that Join them, as well as discuss the founders of these religions. What is the definition of a cult? Depending on the intent of the author defining the word cult proves a difficult task. The scholars on the ubject of cults seem to have two different approaches when studying this topic. There are those who are a part of the anticult movement and often use the word â€Å"cult† in a negative fashion towards any religion that has formed in recent history. Those apart of the anticult seem to skirt around the subject of defining a cult or explaining what a cult exactly consists of. We are given the feeling as though they do not want to define it as they may cast an umbrella over other mainstream religions that have a similar form. It is even often used to describe popular trends that will upposedly not last, veganism is a term that has been described as a cult fad. You can see how it is almost always used negatively, or as something that has no real substance and will not stand the test of time like other religions have. In contrast, there are those who do not use the word cult but prefer the term â€Å"New Religious Movements†. These scholars have a more objective opinion, and use New Religious Movements to â€Å"†¦ represent fascinating glimpses into the way human beings construct religious meaning and organize their lives to give shape to religious experience. † (Cowan, Bromley, 3). It is important to be subjective when using the word cult and for purposes of this paper I will define cult in my own words and state that there is a difference between cults and New Religious Movements. A cult is a form of religion that is deceitful towards its own members with the leader abusing their powers. Although there have been many mainstream religions that have had a leader abuse their powers, it is necessary to point out the ditterence, which is that in a cult the head of the religion is the source of all their religious knowledge and do not have other ways of getting to know the religion without them. In comparison, mass religions have many leaders, many forms of knowledge and you can attain religious beliefs through many forms, not only the one source. Keeping in mind that using the word cult subjectively is imperative to this process, it is still easy to find movements that can be categorized under my own definition of the word cult. These would include the previously mentioned religions of The People’s Temple and Heaven’s Gate. When looking at these and other cults there are often many characteristics that they do have in common. It is typical for the cult to have only one leader, â€Å".. ho claims divinity or a special mission entrusted to him from Above. † (Harrison, 19) A lot of cult leaders use the money from the followers for personal profit. There is a major sense of belonging that comes along with being a part of a cult. There are many religions that also share this but cults often want their members to have this feeling with them alone, and discourage involvement with others who are not in their religion. One author that I found that was willing to at least describe a cult relationship for the purposes of her book was Singer. SHe says there are three actors to cultic relationships, using that term better describes his viewings of interactions that go on in cults. The three factors are as follows: 1. The origin of the group and role of the leader 2. The power structure, or relationship between the leader (or leaders) and the followers 3. The use of coordinated program of persuasion (which is called thought reform, or, more commonly, brainwashing)† (7) You can see from the quote that this cultic relationship isn’t Just solely related to religion alone, Singer includes cults that are formed around doctrines, theories and practices, but states that other esearchers may not identify this exactly as she does. According to the scholars of new religious movements, â€Å".. roups that are labeled â€Å"cults† often closely resemble a variety of conventional organizations in which these same characteristics are accepted as legitimate or necessary: communes and intentional communities, convents, monasteries, and other high-commitment religious societies, multilevel marketing organizations and armed forces training and combat units†¦ † (Bromley, Cowan, 5). There could be many reasons why a person would Join a cult, they could e the same reason’s one Joins any faith based group; a person is looking to belong, or meet others with similar morals. A prime reason why a person would Join a cult is that they are not doing this knowing that what they are becoming apart of is in fact a cult. Cults often are established off of a Christian based structure with similar values, and practices. A person may attend a cult thinking it is another sect of Christianity. Members of a cult learn ways to recruit new members, a typical form of recruiting is called â€Å"love-bombing†, where members seek out non-members and shower them ith many forms of attention and affection. Basically, being extremely nice to others with the intent on conversion. Anticult members are quick to let the public know that recruiting for cults can happen anywhere, on campus, on buses and trains, or on the street, letting us know that we can be recruited literally everywhere. In actuality it looks as though most â€Å"recruitment† for cults is done through family members or close friends. When seeing that it is family and friends who do the majority of converting it is easy to see now people would Join. It is not as though the trusted group are trying o harm others by recruiting, they are trying to help and see that others are also going to â€Å"find the truth† in a sense. It is similar to the common practice of missions trips that many Christian religions take part in where they travel to underdeveloped parts of the world, converting people to Christianity and also helping the community in some way. The difference being, hopefully no abuse of power or deceitfulness by the religion. It isn’t always understood why one does Join a cult but it is probable to say each individual has their own personal reasons why, and somehow in a way that eligion is giving them whatever it is they may be looking for. Friends? Belonging? Maybe they don’t agree with morals of other religions and this cult matches up with the lifestyle that they lead. There is a lot of information pertaining to the large numbers of youth attending cults and New Religious Movements, particularly between the ages of 18 and 22. Lorne L. Dawson describes the demographic of youth as the typical â€Å"All American boy or girl†. â€Å"A profile of the typical cult member reveals that he or she is white, middle or upper class, with at least some college education and nominally religious upbringing. 85) It might seem surprising that a lot of followers come from this kind of back round, but when looked at a little more in depth you see that often these young adults have either parental issues or have had some sort of middleclass failures. Those with problems in communicating with their parents often look to the leader of the cult for guidance and use them as a parental fgure. Those have failed according to middle class norms seem to be searching for validation. A lot of followers Join the cults in times of vulnerability and much needed support from others. While you can say that almost everyone has come from back ounds where they have felt vulnerable at points and needed the support of others, it seems imperative that cults cling on to those who have these types of issues going on as well as the added factor of age to convert potential members. The time of young adulthood is when most people are beginning the process of learning who they are and to have a supportive, flattering, group surround them can be very influential to their life. For most cults there is only one leader although this is not always true, using the examples from earlier, Heaven’s Gate had two leaders; Marshall Applewhite nd Bettie who liked to be called Ti and Do. Often the leader(s) starts this religion after some form of miraculous religious conversion where they may have had a near death experience or a vision, there are many different stories of leaders getting the â€Å"call to prophecy’. The leaders of cults are always charismatic, and seem to have all the answers. In a time in peoples lives when they are looking for affirmation it is easy to be drawn to someone who knows it all, and can give the yes and no answers. The leader forms very personal relationships with his followers, which sometimes turns sexual. As cults grow the leader is not always able to be so intimate with each member, and this can become problematic for the cult. In response when cults’ members become larger, the leader will start to segregate himself from the following, only allowing access to certain members who have earned that right. The leader becomes a sort of local celebrity in the eyes of the followers, and like celebrities, their fans stand by them even when arguments against their religious beliefs become even more valid. It is hard to say why a person may start a cult, money could be a huge contributing factor. Or the idea of a group of followers hanging onto every word d by the tounder may be exactly what a true narcissist is looking tor. Out ot all the New Age Religions it is hard to exactly pin point out which ones can be classified as a cult, in history, different Christian denominations have been labelled as cults and paid a price for it. In the nineteenth century The Salvation Army was labelled as a cult and its members were stoned, now it is viewed as a respected and legitimate faith base. So to stamp a religion that hasn’t been researched to its full extent can be harmful, and not fair to its members. To be close minded to the idea of new religious movements could erase the idea of religion altogether, as many religions are stuck in the past and not embracing the progressiveness of the times. If a religion is not abusing their powers or being harmful to its members who is to say that it cannot be fulfilling for someone who is looking for more in their life and doesn’t connect to mass religions? It is important to teach people to be able to question ideas and to critically think on new and old perspectives, hopefully by doing so people will not so easily be a part of such self-destructive religious groups. I work in the field of homeless and mental health and have met many clients who see themselves as closer to God than the rest of humankind so it is very plausible to me for cult leaders to truly believe that what they are doing is the right way to live, and the only way to live. All religions have outsiders who will say anything to bring that religion into a bad light, it is with great importance that we carefully and kindly dissect the true intent on all religions, not Just new age religions.

Revamp Your Resume How to Choose Fonts

Revamp Your Resume How to Choose Fonts Within the bounds of taste and good judgment, a resume can be a place to express your best professional self. While â€Å"Best Resume† lists often focus on formatting and use of white space, don’t forget to think about your font choices- your first presentation of words to a potential employer. Patricia Antonelli over at TalentEgg has some more specific guidance for those of you who don’t know your Papyrus from your Antigua Bold. Generally you want a font size that is legible, even on mobile devices, but not so big that it looks like a sign posted on a billboard- shoot for size 11, except for your headers.1. Serif FontsOpen up a Word document and try out some of these, like Baskerville or Georgia. Serif fonts have little lines at end of each letter stroke. Fonts with serifs come across as â€Å"more traditional and reliable†- they tend to look better in print than on a screen, so select one of them if you’re going to be handing out your resume in ha rd copy.Avoid Times New Roman! It’s an obvious choice that signals employers you don’t know how to make your work stand out.2. Sans Serif FontsFonts like Helvetica and Calibri lack the little tails on serif fonts, and read more cleanly on-screen. These are safe choices for business jobs or any online application process. Coordinate your choice with your cover letter for a cohesive, polished look.Formal and traditional? Serif is the way to go. Contemporary and sleek? San serif probably sends the right message.3. Script FontsYou can get away with a script font for your name at the top, but fancy fonts like Zapfino or Bickham Script can look messy in print or fail to translate on another operating system. The last thing you want is an unintelligible resume, so don’t try to make yours look like someone wrote it with a quill pen.4. Display FontsAnything in the â€Å"other† category like Giddyup or Jazz is a big risk- some people may see them as fun and creativ e, but unless you’re applying for visual arts jobs (like a graphic designer or teaching artist) it’s probably better to err on the side of professionalism. Check out the company’s website to see what their visual style is, and try to find something complementary.You want your resume to show off your experience and achievements, and any font that distracts from that is the wrong choice. Have a friend glance over your resume before your submit it; if the font is the first thing they notice, before your name or objective, keep looking until their first response is, â€Å"What a great-looking resume!†

Changes in Legal Defence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Changes in Legal Defence - Essay Example This is the bedrock of the Canadian legal system and the concept of defense is crucial in the determination of culpability. In the worst case scenario they must be given the opportunity to justify their actions through defenses. Recent events have shown unique and new cases that demonstrate the evolving nature of the legal system. These reflected in the way the law is ever changing in order to maintain a valid standpoint. An important aspect to this characteristic is how new legal defenses become legitimate and necessary addition to the legal system. There are several land mark cases in which seemingly absurd ideas such as automatism, battery and duress become legitimate defenses and excuses from criminal guilt and culpability.   Automatism Automatism attracted attention recently with several high profile criminal cases that led to acquittal. The decisions for these cases constitute entirely new elements to Canadian jurisprudence. For example, there was the case of Kenneth Parks wh o killed his mother in-law and attempted to do the same to her husband. This happened in 1987 and was a controversial event that riveted the whole country until a verdict was reached in 1988. Ramsland (2010) provided the grisly and enlightening details: He rose from bed and got into his car. Despite, as he said later, not being awake, he drove about 14 miles to the home of his wife's parents in Scarborough. Accounts say he then removed a tire iron from the car and entered the house, where he proceeded to beat his mother-in-law to death and choke his father-in-law into unconsciousness. He also used a knife from his in-laws' kitchen to stab them. (Ramsland, 2011) The defense for Park was automatism. His lawyer argued that this defense is supported by several important evidences. First, the perpetrator had a history of sleepwalking. Secondly, he had a good relationship with his wife’s parents and, hence, had no motive for murder. Park’s defense team assembled an army of e xperts – psychiatrists, psychologist, neurologist, and a sleep disorder specialist - explaining what automatism is. (Ramsland) The â€Å"disorder was new to the jury and, certainly, to the legal system. There is no explicit reference to this in the Canadian jurisprudence that is why the defense settled on homicidal somnambulism. The collective arguments presented by the experts, who demonstrated how sleepwalking is a neurotic disorder and could result in an individual having less control of his or her actions, finally convinced the court that Parks was innocent. It was declared that his acts were unmediated and unconsciously committed, hence, free from criminal liability. The cases of murder and attempted murder lodged against him were promptly dismissed. As a defense, automatism is considered to be a category separate from insanity plea. A case of a woman charged with murdering her husband had the jury reject the verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity but acquitted her of murder on the basis of automatism because she was proven to be subject to narcolepsy, a rare sleeping disorder. (McCord, McCord & Bailyer, 2011, p. 254) Another case, however, show a different facet to this type of defense. This was the case of William Wade who was charged with murder when he repeatedly stabbed his wife, banging her head on the

FDI Inflow in India through Manufacturing Sector Essay

FDI Inflow in India through Manufacturing Sector - Essay Example Although India is an under developed country and the government has taken all possible measures to boost up the FDI in all the sectors specially the manufacturing sector. The best econometric model which suits the inflow of FDI's in manufacturing sector is "Time Series Econometric Model". The variables of time series econometric model are stated below: After developing the variables, firstly, we need to assess their properties. Its existence both in long and short term is outlined through the time series analysis. Secondly, one needs to find out those variables which are dependent to each other so as to categorize them either in short term or medium term basis. Moreover, corrective and appropriate measures need to be taken in selecting the variables because only some of these variables produce good results in the long run while the rest do not. The most important thing regarding the application of this model in the manufacturing sector is the data provided. Because in third world or under developed countries like India the manipulation in the data might occur which may create problems in analyzing the real model. The Indian market is very attractive for the foreign investors due to its massive growth in population, economy and various other demographic factors. The Indian government has taken every possible measure to attract the foreign investors and due to this fact stock market of India has attained a new height and its trading volume has grown up exponentially over the last few years, right before the world economy went into a recession (Mehul). In the last 10 years, 27 billion dollars have been injected in the Indian economy, most of which was invested in the manufacturing sector, as availability of cheap labor is one of the key factors that attracts foreign investors. On an average India's overall manufacturing base has attracted investments worth 3.4 billion dollars from 2000 to 2008 in the form of FDI (The Financial Express). There is a huge potential in the manufacturing industry of India and economists estimate more than 12 billion dollars to be injected or invested in India's manufacturing sector in the next 5 years (The Financial Express). Statistics reveal that India is the fourth largest country in terms of FDI but they are still way behind in comparison with China, to refer to the proportions of FDI in India's manufacturing industry is around 37 in comparison to 67 per cent of China (Bhanu 3). Although there is a huge potential and flexibility in both the markets but due to the government policies, tax free zones, availability of cheap labor and resources, China finds its way comfortably at the top (Swapna ). Similarly, another important statistic, is comparison between the manufacturing and the service sector. Service sector in India has only been able to attract $2.34 billion of FDI in the past years. To Examine Motives of FDI Inflow in India Indian economy has made huge impact on the global economy being a huge market